The issue is very important in the current context. In our daily busyness, we have to visit constantly. So the Shariah regulations of Safar and Kosar demand discussion.
If there is a clear mention in the Qur'an and Hadith of shortening or shortening the prayers during the journey, there is no clear instruction as to how far the shortening should be performed. Islamic thinkers have tried to determine a distance through various analyzes. Most of the opinion is that if you cover a distance of 48 miles, you have to perform the kosar prayers. There are also some more opinions. But every number-determining analysis has a big question mark.
Since there is no specific description of the journey and the Qasr in the Qur'an and Hadith, the scholars try to determine the distance in a few steps. At first, they searched for hadiths describing travel and time. From there they gradually changed that distance from ancient Arabia to modern distances. And the problem is that there are huge question marks at every step of this transformation.
It is mentioned in the hadith that women should not travel for more than 3 days except a mahram man. Again the description of 2 days, 1 day is also in Sahih Hadith. Is there any mention of Kosar in this hadith? No. Only tours and distances are mentioned. The scholar analyzes this hadith for the distance of the Kosar.
Now different scholars or madhhabs carry out their research based on different descriptions. Some 1 day, some 2 days, and some 3 days. Now 1 day means how much distance? This method of measuring distance is from the ancient Arabs. From there it will now have to be converted into a modern distance measuring unit.
What did the disciples mean by a distance of 1 day?
In pre-Islamic Arabia, the distance measuring unit was called "barid". Barid means a rider can cover as much distance as average on average without any rest. How much is a 1-day tour now? There are about 15 different opinions. Some of the Companions and Tabiun called 4 or 6 Barids a 1-day tour.
When fiqh books are written, no one uses barid. "Farsakh" was then used as a distance measurement. Farsakh is a Persian word. Now Barid has to be transformed into Farsakh again. Here are about 5. According to most, 1 barid is equal to 4 farsakh.
Then when the next scholars came, Farsakh also disappeared. "Mill" is then used as a distance meter. Mill distances were introduced by the Romans. Mil comes from milia which mean thousand. The distance of 1000 feet of Roman soldiers was called Mill. Although the Arabs used miles or miles for the Romans, they did not mean the same distance. Their miles are a bit short. Because the distance of the position of the Arabs is less than the distance of the position of the Romans. Again, one mile in one country. Even in modern times, nautical miles of waterways and miles of laneways are different.
How far is 1 billion miles now? Like different here too. According to many, the distance is 12,000 billion feet. According to some, the match is as far as the naked eye can see. Again, according to some, it is not possible to understand whether a man or a woman is seen from such a distance. No one is sure of this transformation. This is not something scientific, just a guess.
When the first Queen Elizabeth came during Newton's subsequent epistemological revolution, the law was passed to determine the distance. There 1 mile equals 5280 feet and feet or other units are assigned.
Now back to the majority of views. 1-day trip (there is also 2, 3 days hadith) is equal to 4 barids (there are much more like). 4 barid is equal to 16 farsakh (there are more like). It is estimated that 1 farsakh is equal to 3 miles. Then 16 farsakh is equal to 48 miles. This is that magical 48 miles !! 48 miles equals 72 kilometers.
Now a hadith related to women's travel has been converted into modern distances by changing it to a few conjectural steps to determine the distance to Kosar. And this distance is usually described in the fatwa of Kosar.
Respecting all the scholars, I say that no step of it has been revealed from Allah and His Messenger. Again one distance in one madhhab. But the hope is that not all scholars agree with this majority. So there is scope for more analysis on this issue.
Ibn Taymiyyah is one of those who oppose the idea of a distance of 48 miles. According to him, the tour or Kosar is not determined by any specific distance. It is the frame of mind of man. Man's own conscience will decide whether he is on a tour or not. Normally we do not have any preparation for the tour. Packing our bags, preparing for our tour we can understand ourselves. There is no need to ask any Mufti for this. Whose visit will be determined by his own condition, And according to that position, Kosar will perform the prayers.
In Islam, the provision of Kosar has been kept to make the prayers easier. There is a certain distance that comes through many butts that hinders that purpose. Then a person will always have to go around with a distance measuring instrument to see if he is 48 miles away. The simpler the provision of Kosar, the more complicated it will be. Again, a 48-mile journey on a camel or animal is different from a 48-mile journey on a plane. A tour of the water is different from a tour of the land.
So like many scholars like me, the tour and the cos are no fixed distances. Allah and His Messenger have not set any distance. The tour is the frame of mind. The mental state of man. And it is on the basis of that condition that one will perform the Kosar prayers like him. Allahu Alam
Dr. Yasir Qadi
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